Reading:
Exercises:
For these exercises, assume the speed of sound is 343 m/s, and the air density is 1.225 kg / m^3 .
1) A car is moving
toward you at 83.71 miles per hour. Its horn is blowing at 440 Hz. By
how many half-tones does the sound rise above 440 Hz because of the
car's motion?
2) Suppose the same
car has the same horn blowing, but now you hear a pitch of 405.64 Hz.
Assuming the car is moving directly away from you, how fast is it
moving (in miles per hour)?
3) A sound has a
wavelength of 5.7167 meters. What is its frequency?
4) If two sounds are
a perfect fifth apart, what is the ratio of their wavelengths?
5) Suppose that 2
furlongs away from a loudspeaker the SPL is 60 dB. The speaker is the
only object making sound nearby, and is a point source. What is the
SPL 4 furlongs away from the loudspeaker? 1 furlong = 201.168 meters.
6) A 171.50 Hz.
sinusoid is traveling in a plane wave in the +x direction. Two
microphones are placed at x = 0 and x = 1 meter, respectively. What
is the phase difference, in radians, between the signals picked up by
the two microphones?
Home Lab:
This project shows how to measure the frequency response of a filter,
whether it's a designed one (as in this case) or it's something that
acts as an unintentional filter (such as a loudspeaker that doesn't have a
flat frequency response--and, in fact, none of them do.)
The filter we'll measure is the bandpass filter supplied in the music 170
library (called ``bandpass"). It's a classical filter design that
appears often in digital audio applications.
To measure it, make a ``sinusoid" object and pass it through a ``bandpass"
object. Make two ``meter" objects, and connect one to the output of the
oscillator (so that you see what you're inputting to the filter) and one to
the filter output so you can see how the two levels differ.
If you want to
save time later, you can slightly complicate the patch by inserting
a multiplier between the oscillator and its two connections (with a constant to
multiply it by) so that you can adjust the oscillator's output to a round number
in dB; but this isn't necessary to finish the project.
We're interested in two settings of the filter: the center frequency should
be 1000 Hz, and the value of ``Q" set to 10 and to 20. For each of these two filter
settings do the following:
Set the oscillator's frequency to a series of values separated from 1000 by
half octaves:
31, 44, 62, 88, 125, 176, 250, 353, 500, 707, 1000, 1414, 2000, 2828, 4000, 5656, 8000
With these numbers evenly spaced on the horizontal axis (a logarithmic
scale), plot on the vertical axis the gain in decibels (the output level
of the filter minus the input level). These numbers will all be negative.
(Suggestion: find all the 34 values first--each filter's gain at each of the
17 frequencies shown--so that you will know what the bounds of the graph
should be.) Draw two traces, one for each of the two filters. Enjoy the
fact that at high frequencies you get two nearly parallel lines. How many
decibels per octave do the filters' frequency responses drop off by at
frequencies above about 2000?
